Innocence versus Sexual Awakening Essays - 1208 Words

Innocence versus Sexual Awakeming The transition from childhood to adulthood is a complex but universal passage. Both Katherine Mansfields The Wind Blows and D.H. Lawrences The Virgin and the Gipsy embody adolescent angst in their characterization. Matilda and Yvette search for meaning beyond the lives they perceive they are condemned to lead. Both bring about greater understanding of the struggle between a young girls struggle of innocence versus sexuality. In similar uses of metaphor and imagery the stories tell the tale of social convention, romanticism and sexual awakening. The Virgin and the Gipsy is written with little surprise or subtlety in it, as is suggested by the title. Lawrence has a theme of human†¦show more content†¦Each of the two girls has a high spirit infused by passion. Neither actually experiences desire persay but awaken to the idea itself. Yvette dreams of falling violently in love (12) and Matilda hints at love through heading for the open gate (Mansfield 58). Both seem to imply the context of a society that pretends desire only occurs on a limited basis within marriage or class structure, for fear the thought was obscene, (115). Anything outside of that realm of possibility should not be expressed. Mansfield implies the passion that Matilda feels for Mr. Bullen with her heart racing and him waiting for her (55). Matilda feels content upon entrance to her piano teachers home. There is warmth that overcomes her through the smells and images that surround her senses. Matilda has a feeling that they know everything about each other (55) which suggests intimacy on her part. From Mr. Bullens point of view, there is only a portrayal of adult concern as in two instances Matilda is reminded that she is still a little lady (55). Yvette lay and wishes she were a gypsy (52). The life of the gipsy is different in every way from her own, she is smitten by him with her childlike eyes(67) but still paralyzed by the fear of social convention for fear the thought was obscene (115). The gypsies were most outside the world she was brought up in therefore subject to her fascination. The dark and handsome gipsy was a fantasy man for Yvette one inShow MoreRelatedLiterary Analysis : Bram Stoker s Dra cula1285 Words   |  6 Pagestextual evidence, â€Å"When she saw my [Harker] face at the window she threw herself forward, she shouted in a voice filled with menace: Monster, give me my child!†, (Dracula 42) parallels to the duality of ones self, and the way society views ourselves versus how we believe society views us. As Harker battles the self called prison that is the Counts castle, the reality is Harker is losing a fight against his inner desires and the control he was sure he had over them. Symbolically the threat of imprisonmentRead More Conventionality vs Instinct in Daisy Miller and The Awakening3121 Words   |  13 Pages Henry Jamess Daisy Miller and Kate Chopins The Awakening were first published twenty-one years apart, the former in 1878 and the latter in 1899. Despite the gap of more than two decades, however, the two works evince a similarity of thought and intent that is immediately evident in their main themes. Both works display characters whose lives have been governed almost solely by the conventions of their respective societies. Furthermore, both works also attempt to demonstrate to the readerRead MoreHorace Gregory s Short ( But Perfectly Formed D. H. Lawrence : Pilgrim Of The Apocalypse10205 Words   |  41 PagesCHAPTER TWO Inquisitive D. H. Lawrence versus Anally Retentive Mr. Freud Horace Gregory’s short (but perfectly formed) D. H. Lawrence: Pilgrim of the Apocalypse (1933) explains how Lawrence’s two essays on psychoanalysis were motivated by his desire to understand. What he needed to understand was why he was as he was; how the development of masculinity and gender identity were influenced and how obstacles such as an over-possessive mother might impair these developments. Hence, his works onRead MoreThe Vampire: What Boundaries Does the Vampire Threaten? Discuss with R9200 Words   |  37 Pages the boundaries between child and adult. Sexual and human taboo boundaries are threatened, incorporating masculine and feminine as well as gender boundaries. The boundary between conservative and liberatory is threatened, evident in the contrast between Victorian women and the new woman. 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Sociological Analysis of Martin Luther King, Jr.’s Letter...

Sociological Analysis of Martin Luther King, Jr.’s Letter from a Birmingham Jail Abstract The paper analyses Martin Luther King, Jr.’s â€Å"Letter from a Birmingham Jail† from a sociological point of view and shows how three major theories (structural functionalism, social conflict, and symbolic interactionism) are treated in the letter. The paper shows different appreciation of King’s ideas and works by his contemporaries and modern people. It also explores the concepts of â€Å"nonviolent direct action† and â€Å"natural law† and determines their importance in the civil rights movement. Keywords: Martin Luther King, Jr., â€Å"Letter from a Birmingham Jail†, nonviolent direct action, natural law, civil rights movement Sociological†¦show more content†¦If they need medical assistance, they cannot go to the same hospital as whites. When they die, they are buried in different cemeteries. Families of color are forced to bring up their children in a humiliating and insulting atmosphere. The state and authorities, as one of social factors, support the racism. The clear examples were dishonest courts and cruel, inhuman actions of the police. Promises to restore justice and equalize the rights of white and colored residents do not mean anything. Church leadership prefers to stay aside the civil problems. Martin Luther King Jr.’s â€Å"Letter from a Birmingham Jail† clearly shows that the church acts in a cowardly manner concerning the issue of racism, supporting the state law, but not the moral one, which claims that all men are brothers. Such a mechanism of society does not function properly because all of its elements are deformed. The deformation is caused by the pressure of stat e authorities and lack of justice, which was caused by the social conflict. Birmingham can be called a hot spot, where the conflict between the white and colored population was on the brink between the peaceful actions and open battles. The long-lasting conflict influenced the symbolic interactionism. This theory shows that social interaction is based not on the way human beings sense their environment, but on the way they define the environment and each other. In this situation, the colored

Factors Influencing Consumer Behavior and Psychology

Question: Discuss about the Factors Influencing Consumer Behavior and Psychology. Answer: Introduction Consumer psychology dictates the perception of the prospective buyers of the products, services, ideas or experiences, which has the ultimate impact over the purchase they make. Under consumer psychology, the individuals, organizations and groups are studied, along with the processes which are used by them to dispose, select, secure and use the products, ideas, services or experiences, in order to satisfy the needs of such groups and the resulting impact of this process over the consumer and the society (Perner, 2017). In the ensuing segments, the various aspects of consumer psychology have been elucidated upon. Decision making process and its marketing implications The consumer behavior is a key factor in the decision making by any individual. Consumer behavior consists of the various stages which any consumer passes before ultimately purchasing the goods or services for their end use (Samli, 2012). There are various factors which motivate the consumers in purchasing a product, for instance, the need, social status, or purpose of gifting. On the other hand, factors like budget or income or financial restraints, no requirement and taste are some of the reasons which may result in the consumer not purchasing the product (University of Southern Indiana, 2017). Need is not a factor when it comes to purchasing a luxury item. When the consumer behavior regarding the luxury products, the psychology of the consumer changes. The major reasons for buying luxury accessories include motivation, brand equity and cultural factors (Wang, 2014). Traditionally, the reason why anyone purchased luxury brands was to impress others. Though, this reason is evolving with the change in time. Apart from social orientation, people purchase the products for personal satisfaction too. Before buying any product, even a luxury product, a consumer has to consider various decisions, for selecting the particular product. Various comparisons are drawn and finally a product is chosen (Lantos, 2015). But what factors lead to the selection of a particular product? To better understand the consumer behavior and the decision making, an example of Hublot luxury watches has been taken. Hublots brand ambassador is Usain Bolt, so anyone who is a fan of the athlete would prefer to buy the products, which are associated with their star (Hublot, 2017). Due to the number of sports Hublot is associated with; it is able to tap on the consumers who are largely fan of the sports. Being a brand for male watches, the brand has to be associated with sports and this is what Hublot has done. The decision making starts from the promotional messages, sponsorships, or the advertisements that a consumer comes across. Hublot has thoroughly advertised its products. As per the statistics posted in 2014, Hublot was in the top 25 spenders in the advertisements for 2013, where the company had spent $7.59 million, which was a significant jump of 218.2%, in comparison to the previous year (Deshpande, 2014). The infamous advertisement involving the mug-shot of Bernie Ecclestone, after the mugging, garnered a lot of attention (Clark, 2010). While Bernie Ecclestone was mugged, his Hublot watch was stolen. So, the advertisement featured the slogan, See what people will do for a Hublot (Daily Mail Reporter, 2010). The company sponsors a number of football clubs, which includes Manchester United, along with basketball teams, and association with bodies like Swiss Confederation at the World Expo, along with the Archaeological Museum of Athens (World Heritage Encyclopedia, 2017). All this attracts the needed attention from the consumers, to consider a brand which supports their interests. Selective exposure is just one factor which influences the decision making of consumers. Selective attention is the next criteria, where the personal interests of the consumers are put first, and to garner the attention of the consumer, the interests are captured (Kardes, Cronley and Cline, 2010). The interpretation of the consumers is also something which affects the decision making. For instance, the advertisement which featured Bernie Ecclestone was featured, with his black eye, was said to be in a bad taste (BBC News, 2010). But at the same time, the consumer perception changed the game as the incident gained sympathy from the consumers, which resulted in consumers buying the brand. There is also the factor of selection retention. The consumers are prone to purchase such products, to which they are the most attracted (Batra and Kazmi, 2009). The most meaningful, as well as, the most relevant message stays in the memory of the consumers. Something, which is not related to the needs, or something with which the consumer makes no connection, would not stick with the consumers (Blythe, 2008). Along with these factors, while making the purchasing decision, the individuals consider the quality of the brand they want to buy (Court, et al. 2017). The material of Hublot is unique and innovative. The brand simply does not use the ordinary gold. Instead, they use a unique mix, created by them, and call it King Gold and Magic Gold (Hublot, 2017). This resulted in the creation of the worlds first scratch-resistant gold watch (Cornwell, 2016). Things like this, guarantee a standard, as well as, quality, which the consumers expect and which Hublot delivers. Keeping in mind the needs and the criteria on which the decisions are made by the consumers, the organizations make their marketing decisions. This is quite apparent in the case of Hublot. As highlighted earlier, the brand creates watches primarily for men. And men are known to be associated with sports. Due to this common knowledge, the brand has associated itself with a number of sports related sponsorships and associations. The brand also launched Formula One themed watches, as it had partnered with Formula one (Leong, 2015). Moreover, Hublot has laid an emphasis on being associated with the sports, which garner a lot of interests and the athletes of which are associated with top brands only. The prime example of this is the association of Hublot with Ferrari, where Hublot was the official timekeeper and the official watch (Hublot, 2016). Hublot is a brand, which attracts consumers from across the world. This is the reason why the brand selected an Indian cricketer, Rohit Sharma, the fastest man of the world, Usain Bolt, and the former footballer, Diego Maradona (Cano, 2016). So, there are a number of factors, which a brand like Hublot keeps in mind before making its marketing decisions and the decision-making process of the consumers play a key role in it. Psychological factors influencing buying behavior Consumer behavior is highly influenced by the psychological factors, for instance, the perception, learning, motivation, personality and the attitudes (Vainikka, 2015). The manner in which the individuals view the world surrounding it, and the information that it gets, forms the base for the perception. For instance, someone might consider Hublot watches as the best watch brand, and others may put it in simply the top watch brands in the market. The difference in perception regarding the product may lead to the individuals with same needs, not purchasing the same products. There are three manners which lead to the difference in perceptions. First is the selective attention under which the individuals only pay attention to such information which either affects them or their immediate circle of close friends and family members (Jobber and Fahy, 2012). Individuals come across a number of advertisements on daily basis, but only those stuck with them, which are relevant to them. Selective distortion is the next manner, where the consumers perceive the information, which matches their line of preconceived notions, beliefs and thoughts. Lastly, through selective retention, consumers remember information, which is relevant to them for a long period of time, and rest if forgotten (Kotler, et al. 2010). To gain the attention of the consumer, companies often use the tactics of humor, surprise, shock and the like. For instance, Hublot turned the incident of mugging, into an advertisement gimmick, which attracted shock, humor and disgust from the consumers, which might not all be positive, but helped the brand in getting the attention of the consumer, and that too for a long period of time (Elliott, 2010). The perception that this brand created was that this watch is so sought after that it attracts the muggers too. A consumer learns a lot from the advertisements they see and the decision making is affected accordingly. But, only after the use of a particular product or service, the consumer gets aware of the same, as learning is gained from the experience. If a consumer is satisfied with a particular product or service, he/she will be inclined to purchase the same again, and same is the case inversely. So, in case of Hublot, the consumer may refrain from purchasing the product, due to the mugging experience. Or may get inclined to purchase the watch again, due to the superior and unique quality it delivers (Samli, 2012). The needs motivate the buying behavior of the consumers. If a person has no need for purchasing a product, they would not be motivated to buying the same (Rani, 2014). If a person wants to look stylish, they would go towards brand associated products, and if a person wants to depict personal satisfaction or portray themselves as higher in the society, they would be inclined towards luxury products. Hublot is a famous luxury brand; it has gained recognition and leading market position, due to the positive feedback from its customers. This is the reason that when a person feels the need of buying a luxury watch, they purchase Hublot. The personality, beliefs and attitude of the individuals also contribute as a psychological factor affecting the buying decisions of the consumers. Each time an item or a service is brought in the market, the consumers attach an image with it. This is also known as the brand image. A product which has a good brand image would be sought after the consumers. The attitude of the consumer can lead them to change the perception or belief towards a product (Mott, 2017). Also, the personality type contributes to the same. For instance, a person with extravagant personality would be prone to purchasing luxury watches like Hublot. To further highlight how the psychological factors affect the consumer behavior, the qualities and perceptions of Hublot watches need to be analyzed. Hublot watches, since its inception, have been famous for designing watches which have a class and unique in design. So, a consumer considering buying this brand has the perception of class and uniqueness in the watches. A consumer, who wants to be associated and be seen as a person with class, is prone to be inclined towards Hublot watches. The motive of class is fulfilled by purchasing this brand. As highlighted earlier, Hublot uses gold in its watches, and when it was first incepted, it combined rubber and gold. This created a style which was comfortable and stylish at the same time. The brands watches are handcrafted and serious attention to detail is given. This creates the image of a luxurious and refinement in the minds of the consumer. A consumer which believes that the brand is truly classy would definitely purchase such a brand only, provided the need is for luxurious brand (Rani, 2014). The psychology of the consumers, in case of Hublot, also has the impact of fashion over it. Hublot has a number of special collection and limited edition collections, which are sought after by the consumers looking for luxurious watches. Such collections are considered both valuable, as well as, prestigious by the consumers, and even depict their social status (Wang, 2014). Along with its uniqueness and intricate design, the brand is associated with a lot of sports, which give a sporty edge to it. This helps in attracting the consumers, who are fans of the game and creating a sport perception in the minds of the consumers. To conclude, the perception, learning, motivation, personality and the attitudes of the consumers towards Hublot watches, is one of luxury, class and refinement, and which satisfies the needs of the consumer to be associated as a luxurious person, having class in the society. Moreover, the personal beliefs and motive of the consumer of being associated with a trust worthy brand, which creates great quality products, are fulfilled. So, it can be summarized that the psychological factors play a crucial role in the buying behaviors of any consumer. Evolving nature of family structure, social classes and culture on buying behavior The consumer behavior is not only influenced by the psychological factors, but also by cultural, social and personal factors. Culture plays a crucial role in gaining an understanding of the needs, as well as, behaviors of the individuals. Culture is a part of each and every society and varies from country to country. And so, the organizations have to be careful in analyzing the different cultures of each nation. Each culture then has its subcultures, for instance, racial groups, religions, nationality or the geographic regions (Rani, 2014). These groups are often used by the marketers to segment the markets into smaller portions. Social class also forms a part of the cultural factors. Each and every society has a kind of social class, which is followed by the individuals in such society. So, the marketing activities are also tailored as per the different social classes. In the case of Hublot watches, it does adhere to the needs of different cultures, in its own manner. The use of brand ambassadors from Jamaica, India, and Argentina, the company attracts the people from such nations (Cano, 2016). Moreover, this brand is seen as a brand of class and integrity. So, the people, in order to maintain their social class, tend to purchase Hublot watches. Being associated with sports like football and racing, which are quite popular in a number of cultures, helps the brand in playing with the consumer psychology, for its benefit. In order to concentrate on the cultures prominent in nation of Middle East and Africa, Hublot launched an advertising campaign, which featured Friend of the Brand Ragheb Alama. In order to connect the East to West, it shot in Budapest-Hungary and got the campaign developed by a Middle Eastern team. The Arab singing sensation and superstar Ragheb Alama was in the centre of this campaign, which embodied the elegance and refinement of a Hublot man, with a young spirit (Hublot, 2016). This advertisement is the supreme example of how the brands use the cultural factors to their benefit. After the cultural factors, come the social factors. The social factors are comprised of factors like reference groups, status, family and role. The reference groups play a key role in the formulation of the behavior and attitude of any person. And the impact of such reference groups is varied across the brands and its products (Lantos, 2015). Usually, the reference groups include a leader, whose personal opinions have a great influence over the opinions of the others, due to such leaders knowledge, skill or some other characteristic. A strong influence over the buying behavior is of the family (Chand, 2017). And this is the reason, why a number of marketers concentrate the advertisements around the concepts of family, including the wife, children or husband. The buying roles change with the lifestyles of a consumer. The role and status of a person also influences the buying patterns. Depending upon the clubs, groups, organizations and families which the person is associated with, the inclination towards particular kind of goods also changes. For instance, a person who belongs to upper middle class, and attends high level social parties, is inclined towards the purchase of Hublot watches. Along with this, a person who is associated with a club, which follows sports like Fifa and is a fan of Usain Bolt or Rohit Sharma, would be inclined towards the purchase of Hublot watches. Apart from the social and cultural factors, there are personal factors affecting the behavior of the consumers. These include the lifestyle, the economic situation of the individual, their occupation, age, personality, as well as, the self concept (Shah, 2017). The life-cycle and the age of the consumers have an impact over their purchasing behavior, with the passage of time, the purchase of the consumers change. The change of the life cycle, for instance being single or married, has an impact over the purchasing habit. For instance, a bachelor would be prone to purchasing a luxury watch like Hublot for themselves; whilst for a married couple, the wife may want to purchase Hublot for her husband. The job or the occupation of the individuals also has a role in the buying behavior (Akaeze and Akaeze, 2016). For instance, a senior executive of a company on Wall Street would opt for brand like Hublot watches, whilst a person who works in the same company, but at a lower level, would opt for a local brand of watches. The economic situation is one of the contributing factors in the buying behavior of the individuals. The individuals who have higher income and savings are inclined towards the purchase of expensive and luxury products, and vice versa. Another significant factor is the lifestyle of the consumer (Shethna, 2016). The manner in which an individual lives in the society refers to the lifestyle, along with the things with which a consumer is surrounded by. Lifestyle is determined by the activities, interests and the opinions of the consumers, and the lifestyle shapes the patter of the consumers actions and interactions with the world. The key factor which leads to the purchase of a brand like Hublot is the personal factor only. To maintain a social status/ symbol, and maintain the image in the society, the individuals purchase this brand. Moreover, being on the important position in the organizations plays a contributing factor for the consumers opting for Hublot watches, instead of any other watch brand. Hublot has utilized the cultural factor for its personal benefit, by launching advertisements targeted at the culture of an individual, which is in line with the consumers personal beliefs, and hence, results in the selection of Hublot watches, as the brand for purchase of luxury watches. Hublot is perceived as a brand of class and this leads the consumers into buying this product, so that they can be associated with a brand, and create a social status in the society. The evolving nature of family structure also contributes to the purchase of Hublot. To conclude, the cultural, social and personal factors play a s ignificant role in shaping the behavior of the consumers. The theory that explains or seeks to explain at what rates, how and why, the technology, along with the ideas spread is the theory of diffusion of innovations (Levens, 2012). This theory explains how the innovations are established in the population. Any idea, object or behavior, which can be perceived as new by the consumers, is an innovation (Mahajan, 2014). This theory also explains how the newer ideas, as well as, the technologies pass through a culture. As per Everett Rogers, through this process, the innovation is communicated amongst the participants of the social system, over a period of time. Rogers proposed that any new idea has four key elements, which are, the innovation, the communication channel, the time, and the social system. The whole process of diffusion of innovation is heavily relied upon the human capital. In order to self-sustain, the innovation has to be widely accepted. The theory is centered on the likelihood of the innovation being adopted by the participants in the given culture (Muscato, 2017). Under this, the leader of the innovations has the power to influence the behaviors of the individuals, known as the adopters (The University of Oklahoma, 2017). Apart from the adopters, there are intermediaries between the decision making of the audience and the media. Another intermediary in this process is the change agent, who encourages the leader to either adopt or reject any innovation. A different approach is taken in the diffusion of innovations, where the individuals are not persuaded to change, and instead the products are reinvented or evolved, so as to fit the needs of the people (Robinson, 2009. The categories of adopters consist of the innovators, the early adopters, the early majority, and the laggards. Diffusion is highly subjected to the kind of the adopters, as well as, the innovation-decision process, and manifests itself in different manners (University of Southern California, 2017). In the case of Hublot watches, it was defiantly the innovator. As has been highlighted in the previous segment, the material which is used in the watches of Hublot is unique and innovative. Instead of using the ordinary gold, the brand uses a unique mix which is self-created by Hublot, and is known as the King Gold and Magic Gold (Hublot, 2017). This innovation of Hublot resulted in the creation of the worlds first scratch-resistant gold watch (Cornwell, 2016). And being the innovator in this segment, the brand was followed by the others, which led to the creation of scratch resistant gold watches by brands like Apple. Apple here became the early adopter of the technology, which was gaining popularity for Hublot. But as the proprietary gold-and-ceramic blend of Hublot is way harder and way more scratch resistant than standard gold alloys, the edge remains with Hublot (Disher, 2015). During the past 25 years, the consumer preferences have changed drastically. From the luxury products being in the hands a few, the trends have changed. Luxury watches are no longer considered as the product of super rich. Even the individuals belonging to middle or higher middle class are attracted towards the luxury products, due to the brand value and the high quality they deliver. This is most commonly seen in the examples of mobiles and luxury watches. With the change in economy, the purchasing power of the consumers has also increased. Consumers no longer purchase the luxury watches as a show off thing in the scenarios (Tuttle, 2010). Instead, to fulfill the personal needs, the consumers opt for the innovative market leader, for instance, Hublot. Hublot watches is one of the luxury brands of watches, which is famous for its quality, as well as, its high brand value. Being an innovator, it has tapped the luxury watches market and has created loyalty from its consumers. Due to its intricate designs and the latest innovative quality it offers, Hublot has been able to further attract its competitors to follow the trends it sets. The prime example of this is the launch of top-of-the-line Apple Watch Edition, which was claimed to be harder and more scratch resistant in comparison to the traditional gold alloys (Disher, 2015). The luxury watch segment has also seen a drastic change, especially during the past 25 years. From being incepted as sundials, to leather strap, and to the present day gold watches, the needs to consumers has resulted in the change of the luxury watches. Along with the change in needs, the innovations in this segment have also contributed in the growth of the luxury watches. From 1812, when the first wristwatch was gifted, to the time of pocket gold watches in 1850, the lifecycle of luxury watches has been quite revolutionized (Davie, 2013). This has been aptly summarized in the Info-graphic provided below: The change in needs is apparent from the statement of Timex via Bloomberg, as per which an average American male citizen owns or wears five watches (Etwaru, 2015). This was not the case 25 years back, where the individuals owned a single watch. Moreover, this single watch was not a luxury one. With the advent of innovators, followed by the adopters and majority, this trend was changed, and more luxury watches entered the market. This promoted a series of innovations, which made the companies shift from the local material based watches to the creation of a segment of luxury watches, where the watches contained alloys like gold, along with diamond and other precious gems. To conclude, the consumer behavior has is the key reason for the diffusion of innovation in the category of luxury watches. Moreover, the change in preferences, and spending habits of the consumers, along with the innovations of the innovators, has led the adopters in following the innovators. In short, the luxury watches segment has been revolutionized in the last 25 years, due to the changes in the consumer behavior over the period of time. References Akaeze, C., and Akaeze, N. (2016) Consumer Behaviors That Influence Purchases of Replicate Entertainment Products. Indiana: Xlibris Corporation. Batra, S.K., and Kazmi, S.H.H. (2009) Consumer Behavior. 2nd ed. New Delhi: Excel Books. BBC News. (2010) Bernie Ecclestone mugging image in advert 'insensitive'. [Online] BBC News. Available from: https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-london-11947156 [Accessed on 07/01/17] Blythe, J. (2008) Consumer Behavior. London: Thomson Learning. Cano, R. 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(2016) Hublot, Official Timekeeper Of "Scuderia Ferrari On Ice". [Online] Hublot. Available from: https://www.hublot.com/en/news/hublot-official-timekeeper-of-scuderia-ferrari-on-ice [Accessed on 07/01/17] Hublot. (2017) Materials. [Online] Hublot. Available from: https://www.hublot.com/en/craftsmanship/materials [Accessed on 07/01/17] Hublot. (2017) Usain Bolt. [Online] Hublot. Available from: https://www.hublot.com/en/partnerships/usain-bolt [Accessed on 07/01/17] Jobber, D., and Fahy, J. (2012) Foundations Of Marketing 2E. 2nd ed. New Delhi: Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited. Kardes, F., Cronley, M., and Cline, T. (2010) Consumer Behavior. Mason, OH: South Western Cengage Learning. Kotler, P., et al. (2010) Principles Of Marketing: A South Asian Perspective, 13/E. New Delhi: Pearson Education. Lantos, G.P. (2015) Consumer Behavior in Action: Real-life Applications for Marketing Managers. London: Routledge. Leong, C. (2015) The Watches That Drive The Formula 1. 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Teamwork Building a Formidable Team Essay Example For Students

Teamwork Building a Formidable Team Essay Generally, good teams consist of a diverse mix of people, who think, work and do things differently. They may be complete opposites but still get along well. Why? Because there is also some aspect of humanity or values that they share – all of which are, sadly, subjective. They are similar to the pieces of a jigsaw puzzle; individually different pieces, together, making the final outcome a magnificent creation. I personally feel that the term ‘good team’ is a slightly ludicrous ambiguity for what I call a ‘SMART TEAM’. Why again? Having a diverse set of people would of course create conflict and arguments, but when you share a common goal as a group of smart men and women, you will always collectively find a way through! The key factor of a good team is open communication. Many people tend to remain part of a team simply out of fear, fright or due to the lack of any other option. This means that it always boils down to leadership, to create an atmosphere where all members – or rather, ‘team players’ – are so gelled, that no one is afraid of being humiliated or unvalued in opinion, to speak out confidently, regardless of how sensible or cynical their thoughts are. We will write a custom essay on Teamwork Building a Formidable Team specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now In a great team, no voice is unimportant, and we must not forget how the craziest of thoughts might actually spark the reaction for amazing ideas and brainstorming. For instance, it was only recently my friends and I created a website on Wildlife for the Young Computer Scientists competition; but little did people know what really inspired us was, ‘I like to Move It’ from Madagascar, which the two boys in my group sang spontaneously. What started with perhaps the most hilarious song in the history of animations resulted in a merit award on a national level! However, we cannot put this all in the hands of a proclaimed ‘leader’! A ‘leader’ in this context, could facilitate and push for activities to closely knit together his/her teammates, but it is the duty of all to understand each other and choose to spend more time with any member you feel you may be still new or uncomfortable with. The best team isn’t necessarily one where all the members have known each other for ages, nor is it a collection of the best keyboardist in the world, best guitarist in the world, and the best possible drummer on Earth, say, in a band! A team would be a comfortable and secure place for all members if mutual respect reigned, be it for one’s abilities, background, religion or cultural diversity. Be open, but otherwise, speak cautiously – one should identify the personalities of the others. Of course, I’m not saying to think one thing, and say something else – don’t live in lies – so, perhaps feel free to even talk about, discuss and exchange views. This might even help in bonding! A good team must collaborate. This may seem very complicated, but to put it simply, it means working in unison to achieve a common goal. Effective collaboration – understanding your own talents and what YOU can contribute to the team; each role is multilaterally crucial! Most importantly, the team should build a strong, effective strategy that enables problem-solving and conflict-managing wisely. Creating a shared mission among the team will increase the enthusiasm and interest in accomplishing each role (which, in turn, is the team’s goal), triumphantly. In my eyes, a good team member should be honest, straightforward, and fair-minded, carrying a sense of equity and fairness. Of course a sense of good humor too! Reliability – listen to Bruno Mars, â€Å"You can count on me like 1, 2, 3, I’ll be there†! Did you stop and start, or laugh at that? Yes, everybody loves a good laugh, but more so a good laugher! .u80a309c16b85bb6d5628014f9ba79fb9 , .u80a309c16b85bb6d5628014f9ba79fb9 .postImageUrl , .u80a309c16b85bb6d5628014f9ba79fb9 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u80a309c16b85bb6d5628014f9ba79fb9 , .u80a309c16b85bb6d5628014f9ba79fb9:hover , .u80a309c16b85bb6d5628014f9ba79fb9:visited , .u80a309c16b85bb6d5628014f9ba79fb9:active { border:0!important; } .u80a309c16b85bb6d5628014f9ba79fb9 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u80a309c16b85bb6d5628014f9ba79fb9 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u80a309c16b85bb6d5628014f9ba79fb9:active , .u80a309c16b85bb6d5628014f9ba79fb9:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u80a309c16b85bb6d5628014f9ba79fb9 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u80a309c16b85bb6d5628014f9ba79fb9 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u80a309c16b85bb6d5628014f9ba79fb9 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u80a309c16b85bb6d5628014f9ba79fb9 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u80a309c16b85bb6d5628014f9ba79fb9:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u80a309c16b85bb6d5628014f9ba79fb9 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u80a309c16b85bb6d5628014f9ba79fb9 .u80a309c16b85bb6d5628014f9ba79fb9-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u80a309c16b85bb6d5628014f9ba79fb9:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Movie Overview - Boy EssayFinally, the most vital aspect; â€Å"A positive attitude causes a chain reaction of positive thoughts, events and outcomes. It is a catalyst and it sparks extraordinary results. † – Wade Boggs. No one enjoys working together with a pessimistic person – as our school motto goes, ‘YES WE CAN! ’ There really is no perfect, hard and fast ‘recipe’ for an indomitable team – it is up to all of us to put our team – player modes on, get out of our comfort zones, and go find out! So – what are you waiting for?

Top 4 CHALLENGES for Executives and Assistants

Top 4 CHALLENGES for Executives and Assistants According to founder and CEO of Office Dynamics International, Joan Burge, There is no greater relationship in the workplace than that of an executive and an assistant. This may seem like hyperbole if you havent had a really terrific working relationship with an executive or an assistant who gets it. If youre at the top of the food chain, try to see your assistant as a strategic partner; if youre in a support role, take advantage of these tips to improve your standing and the dynamics at work!1. BandwidthNobody has enough time in the day. Executives may have more than one assistant, or assistants may be supporting more than one executive (every one of which wants to feel like your Top Priority). Between the two of you, you may be fielding as many as 400 emails a day- have systems in place and revise them as necessary!  Be aware of the speed and intensity of the information flowing across your executives desk, and let that inform the pace of your interruptions, meetings, and indepen dent work.2. Digital DependencyTheyre working from multiple devices and may ask you do to the same. While that may make them feel independent and tech savvy, its important (for them and for you!) to realize that an empowered executive assistant is as valuable as the Cloud in terms of coordinating information and monitoring plans.3. DelegatingWith all the self sufficiency of scheduling software and remote access, its easy for executives to forget how to use their assistants most effectively. Companies lose time and money when execs underutilize support staff. Know your role, advocate for appropriate ways to expand it, and always be a reliable asset.4. Frustration in CommunicationWith complaints ranging from I dont have time to teach my assistant to do this job to I have no idea what this executive wants from me, some of the hardest aspects of the relationship to master are the simplest- how you perceive one another and what you expect from one another. Be verbal, follow-up, and be wi lling to disagree and resolve it! Dont be so wrapped up in status you forget to think like a team.Tips  for AssistantsInitiate ConversationTalk about your relationship as a teamGet clarification on likes and dislikesPut yourself on the execs calendar and leave it, unless theres an emergencyThink like an executive- anticipate needs and prioritize accordinglyGo the extra mileAttend meetingsRead everythingUnderstand the scope of their wordTips  for ExecutivesHave clear assignments and deliverablesDemonstrate the qualities you want to seeBe comfortable with disagreementRely on your assistant; dont micromanageBe appreciative- post-mistake shouldnt be the only time you give feedbackRecognize that your assistants job requires skillExecutives and Assistants are Struggling TodayRead More at officedynamics.com

How to Recognize the Signs of Burnout and Stay on Fire

How to Recognize the Signs of Burnout and Stay on Fire Don’t be the one who face-plants on the conference table because you failed to see the signs of your own exhaustion- or start to hate your job because you need a break badly, but never thought to take one. Get your energy and motivation back before you’re totally overwhelmed. Keep an eye out for these symptoms, learn to recognize them, and prepare yourself to stave off burn-out before it burns you.1. DisaffectionYou’re getting snarkier and more sarcastic with every passing meeting. Little things you would have shrugged off last year are suddenly sticking in your craw. A few eye-rolls at the absurdity of corporate speak are fine, but if you’re catching yourself venting your annoyance more frequently than usual, that might be a sign you’re almost at the breaking point.2. FatigueYou’re not just sleepy after the spaghetti you ate for lunch. You’re sleepy all the time. You wake up tired, get to the desk tired, go home too pooped to enjoy yo urself. You’re never â€Å"in the zone† anymore.3. StagnationYou’re not getting any pleasure out of minor victories or completed projects. You feel like you’re working tirelessly, but nothing seems to go anywhere.4. BoredomYou’ve got a billion tasks on your to-do list and projects on your plate, but you just can’t get past the boredom. You have a hard time engaging with your work.5. ProcrastinationWell, more procrastination than normal. Procrastination can actually be productive. But if you’re catching yourself not working more than you’re concentrating on your work, this may be a sign that you need a breather.6. Mystery Ailments and/or StressYou have a sudden onset of medically unexplainable headaches, stomach aches, or insomnia. The doctors say you’re fine, but you feel terrible. Often these symptoms can be stress-related- your body telling your brain you need a break!  These aren’t the only signs you might be close to burn-out, but they’re a good start. Do yourself a favor and take a step back to evaluate. Take stock of which parts of your job are satisfying or annoying- what tasks you like and what is causing you stress. Take a bigger look at whether you’re on track, not just in your job, but in your career. See if there are any steps you can take to be more engaged.Then, implement a plan for change. But don’t forget to take some time off first! You’ll need the extra energy to push you through. Schedule a vacation, take a few more breaks per day, delegate tasks that aren’t holding your attention, and try and focus on the parts of the job that you still love.It’s possible to work hard and relax hard; you just have to plan ahead.How to Recognize the Signs of Burnout Before You’re Burned Out

Leading through effective communication Term Paper

Leading through effective communication - Term Paper Example Although indecisive and less manipulative, this personality style makes for good leaders. Strong communication and an accommodating nature is what accounts for the strengths of these leaders. Communication styles and methods in effective leadership The importance of effective communication is especially felt while leading a group. The need for purposeful transfer of meaning to influence a person or a group of persons account is especially crucial for effective leadership. In other words it can be said that communication acts as a tool which is used by the leaders and it is the degree of successful use of this tool which determines how effective would be the leadership. Communication in leadership comprises of the entire range of resources and communication skills for creating and delivering messages across the two parties, overcoming interferences, directing, motivating and inspiring others for actions. As commented by Axelrod (2006), effective leadership is largely a matter of effec tive communication (Barrett, 2006, p.5). According to the views of Mayfield and Mayfield (2004), effective leaderships employ such communication process which motivates employees to accomplish their tasks. It is the communication style of leadership which helps to gain commitment towards the organizational purpose and mission (Jolley, 2010, p.25). According to Bass (1990), the participative style of leadership was associated with a high degree of honest, open, informal and two way communication. This particular style of communication is especially effective in resolving conflicts providing a common platform for the two parties to present their grievances against each other and generating a... The study reveals that communication is a predominant requirement in effective leadership. However, communication styles are different for different people depending on their personalities they display and the characteristics that they demonstrate. It is also apparent that leadership styles are shaped by the personalities that individuals possess and thus consequently the communication style that they use. However, according to the views of researchers and authors, irrespective of the leadership styles that an individual demonstrate the need for effective communication is an absolutely essential for effective leadership. Moreover, with globalization and organizational structures becoming highly complex and attracting talents from all over the world, organizations are working with people belonging to diverse cultural backgrounds. Thus the levels of differences and conflicts have also gone up. Thus leaders demonstrating the power to resolve conflicts, and overcome communication and cul tural barrier and high negotiating skills are found to be most successful in leading followers. Thus among all the leadership styles the participative style is recommended in today’s organizations. This demonstrates an open and honest form of communication style which allows both parties to confront and communicate with each other. It emphasises greatly on resolving organizational conflicts by providing a common platform for all to present their grievances and problems and consequently arriving at a suitable solution.

Business process mapping analysis for achiffa snack foods Essay

Business process mapping analysis for achiffa snack foods - Essay Example The company management has come across a number of gaps within the various systems and operations associated with the production, logistics, supply and warehousing departments. The management had in the past focused on increasing the product line by adding new products to its portfolio, and did not stress on improvement and service. Presently, there are a number of issues that are being faced the company on various fronts. There is an urgent requirement for changes in the facilities and the marketing fronts, customer handling, product pricing, product line system maintenance, packaging and storing of products. The image of being a quick service and supply chain of Achiffa Snack foods has been diminished of lately, resulting in losses to the profit margins of the organization. With pressure to get back on track with better profit margins, it is time that the Achiffa management thinks about implementing changes and improvements and devise a proper improvement strategy that focuses on e nhanced operations and better customer satisfaction. SECTION 1 BUSINESS PROCESS MAPPING ANALYSIS FOR ACHIFFA SNACK FOODS Business process mapping is related to identification of activities that are involved in the business of Achiffa Snack Foods. The process map clearly defines what the business does, the various procedures that are involved. The business process mapping of Achiffa clearly defines the various tasks involved throughout the whole supply chain of the company, from the order placement to the final delivery of the order to the customer. Business process mapping will help the company to identify where the gaps exist within the chain and which task needs more attention from the management and whether or not improvements can be made to the current process, (Kim 2006). Below is the business process mapping for Achiffa Snack Foods. The entire business of the company is divided between six departments which are identified as below – 1. Customer department – This department is in charge of functions likes order generation and collecting payments from customers on time. 2. Sales Department – This is concerned with maintaining the sales of the company at competitive levels. 3. Credit and Invoicing department – This is concerned with the accounts of the entire business. 4. Production Control Department – This is concerned with the production management of the products manufactured by Achiffa Snack foods. 5. Copying Department – This is concerned with the production scheduling and warehousing and logistics scheduling of the final delivery product. 6. Assembly and Shipping – This department is concerned with proper packaging, labeling and shipping of orders on time. PARETO ANALYSIS FOR ACHIFFA SNACK FOODS One of the recommended quality tools for Achiffa Snack food case study is the Pareto Analysis that has helped in identifying and solving the most common problems and concerns within the Achiffa

Internship Experience for an ESL Teacher Essay Example for Free

Internship Experience for an ESL Teacher Essay As a foreign student with a degree in Informatics and Library and currently pursuing a master’s degree at the University of Pennsylvania in Adult and Community Education Program, I have a vision of teaching English as a second language in Saudi Arabia. To this effect, I have been on an internship project at the Communications Media department at the same university between January and March this year. The main purpose for the internship was to give me an exposure to the kind of environment I will find myself working in as an ESL teacher. ESL is a course that is offered to people who wish to learn English as a second language. Thesis Statement For my internship, I was attached at the Communication Department at the University of Pennsylvania where my duties included but were but not limited to coordinating activities between students taking English as a Second Language (ESL) and conversation partners at the American Language Institute. Also in the line of my duty was the task of overseeing how the two groups have been progressing together. The internship was time well spent and it played a very important role in familiarising me with the classroom set up at an ESL teaching centre. I also had the opportunity to learn much about the job and what it entails as well as the kind of challenges that I may encounter in the course of my career. Taking my internship course at University of Pennsylvania was the most convenient choice that I made. The communications Media Department where I was attached is right on the campus and I was therefore able to operate from my residence without any hustles of commuting from one place to another. It was also convenient in that I was able to coordinate between my classes at the Adult Community Program centre and the training on the internship. The convenience made life a little more comfortable for me because of reduced costs of transport. The internship kept me in good relations with the law because being in one place helped me avoid any instances of breaking immigration rules set for foreign students. The convenience of having all my activities centralised on Campus has played well in helping me to develop my social skills. This is because it has been easy to have extra interaction with some of the students when the opportunity allowed and as a teacher, this was very helpful in that I could closely get to know more about the challenges that ESL students face in their social life as foreign students. Since we were all from different social backgrounds, the interaction helped to improve my social relations with others considering the diversity of culture represented in the ESL class. A close bond between teacher and student is very important as it helps students to learn better and also helps the teacher to improve their skills. Knowing students a little bit more beyond the classroom set up is very important for teacher-student relations. Interaction with the volunteers from the American Language Institute helped me learn more about American society. With these two groups, I was able to share my challenges as a foreign student in America and also listen to theirs and suggest possible solutions. This helped learning easier and more interesting for the students. The sole purpose of learning an extra language is to aid the learner in communicating easily through the desired language. Despite the fact that I speak the English language, the experience I got from the internship greatly helped to improve my skills in conversing with others. The interaction I had with the students as well as the volunteers in the ESL learning programme exposed me to those who were learning and others who were there to assist in learning. It was a learning experience for me as I was able to improve on my fluency and using correct grammar when conversing in the English language. By identifying the students’ challenges in learning to converse in English, I was able to polish my own language especially in using of proper tenses, right statements and remarks. The ESL program brings together people from different cultural backgrounds. Students come here with the aim of learning English that will help them to adapt to their new environment and they are helped through this process by communication partners. Through interaction with this group at the ESL program, I got exposed to a diversity of cultures and it was interesting to get to learn about different cultures and practises of the world. It is interesting to note how the world can meet in such a small set up as a classroom. This knowledge is very important for me in my pursuit of a career in ESL teaching as it will help me adopt to any new culture that I may be exposed to. Objectives were set to enable me achieve the goals of the internship. They were supposed to guide me in carrying out activities that internship period. This would enable me acquire knowledge and skills that are required for one to become an effective ESL student’s teacher. The experience would give me an opportunity to give my suggestions and ideas in order to improve students teaching techniques and materials. In this essay, there will be a reflection on the meaning of the internship experience for my intellectual development and career planning. The internship experience was necessary in equipping me with new learning. It would offer me knowledge and skills required in future teaching work with the language students. Suggestions and ideas that can improve teaching techniques and materials for the students would contribute in achieving my new learning objective. Engaging volunteers achieved this in sessions on curriculum and teaching methods, recommending improvements in class handling discussing organizational concerns with volunteers, drafting lesson plans and evaluating them and discussing educational techniques with volunteers. My objective to teach volunteers on how to interact with English was achieved by carrying out the following activities; directing English lessons in the classroom, engaging the volunteers on curriculum and teaching methods, evaluating their performances and recommending necessary changes in class. The assignments that were offered to the students is a sure evidence that this objective was attained. Creating organizational system to allow educators to organize volunteer schedules and paper work effectively was enhanced by meeting and discussing organizational concerns with the volunteers, organizing schedules to avoid confusion, handling volunteer and class paper work and documentation as well as getting program feedback from the student Creating lesson plans for the volunteer teachers was achieved by; drafting lesson plans for teaching, adapting the teachers according to the class needs, discussing the quality of lesson plans and suggesting their changes, incorporating volunteer opinions in final lesson plans and finally implementing the lesson plan. I managed to work with the students and volunteers of presentation materials, decided upon educational techniques and ensured students follow guidelines in presentation. This assisted me in acquiring skills in creating presentation materials. As a teacher, I accommodated a certain number of students when my time allowed, graded and encouraged students and understanding the students’ need. The current challenges and problems in the classroom were discussed with fellow teachers. This in turn, ensured the students were taught as require by the instruction formal program. Additionally, experience at the ESL classes helped me to learn about other methods used in communicating apart from mouth language. These other methods are important in that as a teacher, knowledge of different methods of communication helps one to assess whether you are communicating fully or as desired by the students. Such methods include but are not limited to using parts of the body to express ourselves or gesturing and also the use of facial expressions. It was interesting to learn that a lot of communication can take place through non-verbal methods. At the end of the internship, I had developed a lot of confidence in conversing with students, being able to interact freely and easily with them as well as understanding diverse cultures and the styles they used to converse non-verbally in the different cultures. My internship was even more helpful as a master’s student in the Adult Education and Community programme. There was much more to learn from the experience at the ESL classes than I had earlier imagined. Interacting with students and volunteers from different cultures of the world helped me to grow as a person as well as to acquire intellectual improvement. I got exposed to diversity of cultures at very close range, something I had not encountered before and after such an experience, it becomes easy to be able to teach English anywhere in the world. This is because of the ability that I have gained to assess student issues anywhere. The ESL students mostly constitute of foreigners who wish to learn English so that they can be able to adapt to their new environments. Such students obviously encounter several challenges in the process of their resettlement and my experience with them enlightened me on ways in which I can be able to evaluate and understand their problems and the approach I can take in helping them to settle such problems. The ESL classes also constitute of people of different ages and as a future adult teacher, the internship has offered me great help in best ways of handling adults at different age categories. It is now easy to identify with their emotions and to know how well to help them cope with learning. Through this experience, I have realised that my own problems as a foreign student were not unique and that I have a lot to share in common with other foreigners that I shall encounter in the course of my career. I now have a burden to offer as much help as I can to make learning comfortable for foreigners. It made me feel even luckier that I could speak the language myself and made me realise that it was easier for me to adapt to my environment than those that cannot speak the language. Internship enriched me with methods of teaching that can be highly effective such as creating the right atmosphere for free teacher and student interaction and getting the students to give feedback on the way that they are fairing in their learning process. I learnt the essentiality of making the environment conducive for the students as it makes learning easier for them. Students can only learn successfully if several of these factors are pooled together. The internship was a good ground to put into practice what I had learnt from my course work.. Getting the chance to utilise my knowledge created a feeling of confidence in me as well as helped me to rectify and improve on areas that appeared weak. It is now possible for me to be able to come up with new ideas that can be applied in the ESL teaching program. This internship has surely given me the right exposure for my future career. Teaching at an ESL class is no longer a new encounter for me and I can affirm the fact that it is only through practice that one is able to assess whether you are ripe for a career. The challenges encountered in an ESL program set up are no longer strange to me. The internship has given me good experience in handling adults in a classroom set up and has helped to build confidence in me as an adult teacher. I believe this experience will assist me a great deal in planning and writing my thesis for the course that I am undertaking. Knowledge is only useful if it is put into practice. The internship offered me an opportunity to put into practice a lot of knowledge both academic and otherwise and gave me good direction on best ways of detecting, identifying and getting solutions to any challenges that may cross my path in the course of my career as an ESL teacher. By offering my own suggestions and contributing ideas on how teaching at ESL classes can be improved, my own personal growth in the career is advancing. I now have the confidence to handle adults in a learning environment and to be able to identify with their emotions, weaknesses, likes and dislikes and to handle such factors without interfering with the learning process. The students were taken out to become conversant with various aspects of the country. Supplementation of students’ knowledge on English by informally speaking with them aided their learning on the English language. On the other hand, not all objectives were achieved fully. There were several problems and challenges that made the achievement of these objectives difficult. The problems that were experienced included; volunteer delayed easy interaction with the students, and volunteers could not identify and understand concerns of all students fully. Though it took some time before they interacted easily with the students, they later managed to do it. There were few communication and organization problems that arose but were sorted out with time. It was also a bit difficult to develop lesson plans containing all relevant information for the course at one particular time. This experience assisted me to improve my conversation skills. This was due to the interaction with both the volunteers and the students. During this interaction conversations between me and then assisted me to gain fluency and correct grammar when conversing. The use of correct tenses, remarks and statements in order to pass the necessary language enabled me to identify their needs in their classes. Conclusion Internship has proved to be a very helpful undertaking and I would recommend it to anyone that wishes to develop and pursue a successful career. It offers a good opportunity to learn so much about the pros and cons of a job. From the experience that I have had at the internship, I believe that I have fewer challenges to face in my future career as an ESL teacher in Saudi Arabia. This is because the internship has prepared me on almost every aspect of human interaction is it personal, social or cultural that I need in my career. The exposure to people from different social backgrounds and different cultures will serve to help me adapt to new cultural backgrounds as it gives the right psychological preparation for such an encounter. The ESL class encounter will help me to adapt in a situation where I may find myself learning a new language. The whole experience was worth the time and effort. References Dolores, La Guardia. , Guth P. H. , (2000). American Voices. Culture and Community. Toronto, Mayfield Publishers.

The Life And Music Of John Coltrane Essay -- essays research papers f

A Brief Look Into The Life and Music of JOHN COLTRANE   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  John Coltrane was born in born in Hamlet, North Carolina on September 23, 1926. John Coltrane was an only child. His father, John was a tailor who played the violin and ukulele, and his mother Alice played piano and sang in the church choir. This was a great environment to foster his love of music. Coltrane soon moved with his family to the town of High Point, where his grandfather was the pastor of the A.M.E. Zion Church. His family was very religious and this instilled in him a deep devotion in religion. At the age of twelve Coltrane's received his first instrument a clarinet which he played for hours on end, that same year Coltrane?s father died. A year after Coltrane?s father died his mother decided to move away to North to Atlantic City to find a work.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Young Coltrane stayed in North Carolina with relatives. By his senior year, he had learned to play a borrowed alto saxophone and was getting recognition from his classmates and even the locals. Work was hard to find in most of the Southern states in 1943, so when John Coltrane graduated he and two friends decided to move to Philadelphia, where one of the friends' brothers already lived.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Coltrane would live in Philadelphia off and on until about 1957. His decision to migrate north was a common one, and Coltrane did indeed find work as a laborer in a sugar-refining factory. A couple of months later he enrolled in the Ornstein School of Music on 19th and Spruce Streets. In Philadelphia John Coltrane could hear a lot of the blues and jazz which weren't often broadcast in the South further extending his experience and horizons. He continued to practice his sax alone in his room until he was drafted into the Navy band in 1945. He returned to Philadelphia in 1946 after being discharged. At this point in his life Coltrane was totally committed to becoming a professional musician. Coltrane worked a variety of jobs through the late forties until in 1947 he joined Eddie Vinson's jazz band, switching reluctantly to play the tenor sax to do so. The group toured extensively, particularly in the South and southwest. It?s at this point that he started to drink excessively to top off his already heavy smoking habit. A short while after that he joined many other ... ...deas of his day and found his own particular niche which was influenced by Indian and African music, and his style continues to influence musicians today. One can only wonder what sorts of jazz music Coltrane may have explored beyond 17th of July 1967. His music lives on in the many recording, and in the music of those who worked with him. Bibliography: http://www.apassion4jazz.net/page3.html http://www.encyclopedia.com/articles/06601.html http://www.lis.uiuc.edu/~bjallen/freejazz.html http://www.olemiss.edu/courses/mus103/units/Jazz/JazzSlides/ppframe.htm http://www.firstcut.com/9613/g1.html http://encarta.msn.com/find/Concise.asp?ti=02417000#7 http://www.guitarmain.com/i_gloss.html http://www.allaboutjazz.com/threads/century.htm http://www.americanjazzmuseum.com/index.html http://www.northwestern.edu/jazz/artists/coltrane.john/ http://www.culturekiosque.com/jazz/miles/rhemile11.htm http://www.encyclopedia.com/articles/02957.html http://www.jazzandbluesmasters.com/Coltrane.htm http://www.jwri.osaka-u.ac.jp/~moon/john.html http://www.thejazzfiles.com/JazzColtrane.html http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=Bmi3m967o3epo

The Student Experience In Higher Education Education Essay

IntroductionThe cardinal factor in the appraisal of quality in higher instruction is the pupil experience. This is non restricted to the pupil experience in the schoolroom but to the entire pupil experience. ( Harvey et al.,1992, p. 1 ) . Increasing attending is being paid to the pupil experience at higher instruction establishments across the UK, both by establishments themselves and by the bureaus that fund them and back up them. This new focal point is driven partially by turning involvement in what pupils think about their experiences and a committedness to developing a more informed and nuanced apprehension of what the pupil experience agencies and what factors shape it. The cardinal implicit in driver is enhancement of the pupil experience, both as an terminal in itself, and as a agency to the terminal of deriving and keeping competitory advantage in recruiting and retaining pupils ( Chris, 2008 ) .In this survey a phenomenological method was employed to research the single exp eriences as a postgraduate pupil in the University of Ulster.LITERATURE REVIEWEvaluation of what is going universally known as the â€Å" pupil experience † is one of the dominant subjects of higher instruction research at this clip. This term embraces the impression that larning does non merely take topographic point in the schoolroom and that pupils ‘ clip spent in higher instruction is about a whole scope of experiences ( City University, 2002 ) . All facets of pupils ‘ university experience have an impact on their acquisition experience ( City University, 2002 ) . Purdue University ( 2004 ) refer to the ‘Pillars Supporting the Entire Student Experience ‘ and Thompson ( 2000 ) composing in the Kansas State eCollegian stated that: The entire pupil experience encompasses learning and acquisition, course of study, pupil life, reding and mentoring. The University of Edinburgh ( 2004 ) besides refers to a broad set of pupil experiences in which it was stated that accomplishments are derived from the entire pupil experience whether academic, excess curricular or work experiences.A More late nevertheless the focal point has shifted to the rating of the entire pupil experience, which would include issues such as the installations available within the establishment, relationships with the academic staff and fellow pupils, and attitudes towards the instruction manner offered by lectors and coachs. Increasingly, pupils ‘ attitudes and perceptual experiences towards the establishment as a whole are seen as cardinal issues in finding the e ntire pupil experience. ( Savani, 2003 ) The survey entails an person ‘s experience as a postgraduate pupil. Purposes: The survey, which was conducted as portion of an assignment of NUR816 faculty, aimed: To research a fellow pupil ‘s experience while set abouting a graduate student survey. To analyze the sort of job faced by a postgraduate pupil. To set up whether postgraduate pupil bask their surveies all through the semesters without any job from place or work topographic point for those working. To enable me to cognize whether they were able to get some rational accomplishments through their programme.Research Questions/objective:To research a fellow pupil ‘s experience while set abouting a graduate student survey, in footings of the challenges of such survey. To find the impact of a graduate student survey on a pupil daily life. The methodological analysis for probe was based on the purposes and aims set. The research inquiry shall be answered by utilizing the phenomenology methodological attack alternatively of the descriptive anthropology and grounded theory. This methodological attack is chosen because the research subject is centred on the perceptual experiences and readings of the universe held by an person. The speech pattern within this position is on the individualism, even the singularity, of each individual ‘s set of perceptual experience which is located in a specific societal context ( Shepard et al. , 1993 ) . Phenomenology evolved from Husserl ‘s philosophical enterprise to research the full significance of persons ‘ lived experience of a given phenomenon through contemplation on the world of their experiences ( Morse and Field, 1996 ; Koch, 1999 ; Jones and Borbasi, 2003 ; Racher, 2003 ) . The research worker observes and efforts to construe the significance of the observations made ( Jones and Borbasi, 2003 ) . In understanding what is ‘real ‘ there is reading of the significance of people ‘s relationships with their life experiences Phenomenology attack stands in blunt contrast to ethnography and grounded theory ( Julius and Chris, 2002, p.9 ) . In peculiar, it takes a really different position of the relationship between experience and cognition. For rationalists, and for post-positivists, experience is a agency of accessing an nonsubjective world that lies outside the person who is sing it ( Julius and Chris, 2002, p.9 ) . In phenomenology, nevertheless, the universe as experienced by persons, or by a group of persons, is the existent universe. Social world is constructed by persons in the procedure of interacting within a peculiar context ( Anderson, 1991 ) . In add-on, phenomenology recognises the fact that societal phenomena are rooted in a specific context ( Julius and Chris,2002, p.10 ) .Similarly, phenomenology, trades chiefly with the ‘micro ‘ instead than the ‘macro ‘ characteristics of societal life ( Lassman,1974 ) . Using this method enabled the single pupil to depict a lived experience of deriving ‘knowledge ‘ as a postgraduate pupil and pertaining to her daily life. Through following a post-positivist, phenomenological enquiry, the research worker aimed for objectiveness in roll uping and measuring informations. This involved actively recognizing and uncluttering the head of preexistent ideas, beliefs and values ( Holloway and Wheeler, 1996 ) . This is combative, and non easy accomplishable. However, in this research such objectiveness was desirable, since the lead research worker was a co-worker to the interviewee.MethodsParticipantThe research was conducted with a fellow pupil from within the NUR 816 faculty category in the University of Ulster. Ethical blessing was obtained from the University of Ulster Ethics and administration Committees. Flying was in a site unconnected with the chief survey. The methodological analysis was qualitative in design. In peculiar it drew on phenomenological rules which â€Å" seek to understand, describe and interpret human behavior from the position of the individual or participants being studied ( Finlay, 1999 ) . The purpose of the interview was hence to derive an apprehension of the interviewee ‘s ain place in relation to her experience has a postgraduate pupil.Data aggregation procedureDesign – Ethical and research administration IssuesQualitative research is based on the premiss that in order to get cognition about people, we need to give them the chance to specify and depict their experiences as these were lived by themselves ( Polit and Hungler,1993 ) . This attack allows the geographic expedition of worlds by worlds admiting the value of a holistic position and the worth of individualism and subjectiveness ( Chinn, 1985 ) . Nursing and phenomenology portion the same beliefs in sing people holistically as entities who create significances and in valuing them as alone individuals ( Omery, 1983 ; Taylor, 1994 ) . Using a phenomenological attack nevertheless holds assorted troubles such as ‘method slurring ‘ ( Baker et al. , 1992 ) and the acknowledgment of the research workers consequence upon the survey and the reading of the findings. The deficiency besides of defined guidelines high spots the issue of asperity ( Hallet, 1995 ) . This stresses the demand for elaborate certification of the survey and the demand to integrate the cogency of the findings within the information analysis. However, the reading on any research has to be considered probationary instead than absolute ( Walters, 1995 ) .Sampling procedureParticipant Numberss within phenomenological surveies are typically little, for illustration, less than 10 ( Morse and Field, 1996 ; Parahoo, 1997 ; Kleinman, 2004 ) , and interviews ar e in-depth with much rich informations ( Whimpenny and Gass, 2000 ) . The sample used for this survey was a convenience sample drawn from a mark population of NUR816 faculty category. A fellow pupil was approached and she agreed to take part. Participant was informed about the right to retreat from the survey at any clip and was assured that in written studies they would non be able to be identified as imposter names would be used. This attack was agreed by the moralss and research administration commission as being acceptable.Data aggregation methodInterviewsContact with the fellow pupil was made by telephone with a follow-up participant information sheet, consent signifier given to her in category. A hebdomad was allowed from the telephone call until the clip agreed for interview, therefore giving clip for participants to read and discourse the information with others if they wished. Final consent was undertaken instantly anterior to interview. Participants were offered the school country that is mall or talk room. She opted for the talk room ( Dashiff, 2001 ) . Prior to the interview, the intent of the survey was discussed. This served to loosen up the interviewee and the interviewer ( Morse and Field, 1996 ) . The interview that lasted for about 30 proceedingss was audio – recorded and manus written and later transcribed verbatim ( Streubert and Carpenter, 1995 ) . An un-structured interview usher was used ( see Appendix 4 ) , although inquiries were asked in different ways to arouse all possible ideas from participant. Time for treatment was made after the interview. This was once more agreed as portion of ethical blessing for the work. Get downing the Interview ( Appendix 5 ) . As for the method of informations aggregation, single interview have been used. The intent of the phenomenological interview has been defined as an effort to derive penetration into the other individual worldview and to understand shared significances through active hearing ( Sorrell and Redmond 1995 ) . However the pilot interview was non used in the concluding analysis of the informations. Unstructured interviewing is described as â€Å" automatic † ( Hammerseley and Atkinson, 1993 ) .In a big grade the precise subjects on which the interview will concentrate, and the manner in which it is conducted, emerge in the procedure of the interview, and are antiphonal to the perceptual experiences, concerns and precedences of the source. The control of the informations aggregation procedure was surrendered partly to the source ( fellow pupil ) ( Julius and Chris, 2002, p.54 ) .The unstructured interview is conducted harmonizing to an interview usher ( Arksey and Knight, 1999 ) . Subjects in an unstructured interview may be raised in different ways or in a different order Since my purpose in this signifier of interview is to derive insight into a subject from the position of the source, the docket for the interview was non imposed by the interviewer, but was negotiated between interviewer and interviewee ( Jones, 1985 ) . Rubin and Rubin ( 1995 ) described such interviews as a â€Å" guided conversation † .Datas AnalysisThe analytical procedure began during informations aggregation. Analysis of interviews was coincident with informations aggregation so that new subjects could be identified for inclusion in subsequent interviews. Data aggregation continued until impregnation occurred, whereby no new or relevant stuff emerged. The research worker made notes after the interview of cardinal points that arose in the conversation with the participant. These helped to clear up the emerging issues and allowed minor accommodations to be made to the interview agenda. The transcript was so read through carefully to place the perceptual experiences and attitudes of pupil toward the graduate student survey. The informations were so explored in relation to the available literature and checked against the research notes to guarantee that issues perceived as of import to the interviewee had been addressed. A b ill of exchange transcript of the reappraisal was sent out to interviewee ask foring her remarks and leting for some minor accommodations to be made. Quotation marks from interview are given because they represent the positions or to foreground a specific point. Pseudonyms are used throughout the paper to maximize interviewee namelessness. Data was analysed utilizing a model that is geared towards phenomenology methodological analysis of Colaizzi ‘s ( 1978 ) seven phase procedure, reflexiveness in informations aggregation and frequent re-analysis of informations as new subjects emerged ( Miles and Huberman,1994 ) .This theoretical account of analysis Fosters transparence and cogency in the analytical procedure ( Mays and Pope,2000 ) . The analytic procedure of Colaizzis ( 1978 ) was modified to supply a more executable model for the analysis of the information. Firstly tape – recorded interview was played and re – played and written transcripts were read in order to get a ‘first feeling ‘ . The really first rematch of the cassette took topographic point instantly after the interview, it was recorded and a transcript was kept individually for safety grounds. Additionally notes were written after the interview and during the first rematch to capture initial thoughts. Initial data bunch was achieved utilizing underscoring for the participant important statements. This enabled informations submergence and assisted an overview of the participant ‘s part to each bunch. At phase two important statements were extracted from the individual transcript, which was after organized into bunch of subjects. Each subject was attempted to be conceptualized and contextualized ( Strauss and Corbin.1990, p.61 ) and notes were written for each identified subject to be discussed with the participant during proof. The following phase involved the readying of a descriptive text for the participant which included quotation marks from the interviews. At the proof phase participants were re – approached and alongside an explanatory note, the descriptive text was assessed. The participant to the full agreed with the written descriptions and the treatment of her experiences and he signed and retains a 2nd transcript of the proof text. Formulated significances were devised but arranged into one grid to compare their relationship to the formulated significances as a whole. Colaizzi supports this stance to his procedure of analysis. He argues his method of analysis be ‘used flexibly and freely by the research worker, they can modify them in what of all time manner they sees fit ‘ ( Colaizzi, 1978, p.59 ) . Further divergence arose from Colaizzi ( 1978 ) who acknowledged there will be repeat of experience and that repeats should be eliminated. It is argued instead that by placing repeats, greater weight can be added to significance of the significance jointly for persons ( Hantikainen and Kappeli, 2000 ) . To help participant in understanding the analysis of the information, and supply her with grounds that the response could act upon pattern, a grid sketching the cardinal findings was devised for her. The presentation to the participants of what Colaizzis ( 1978 ) calls the ‘exhaustive description ‘ instead than the concluding ‘essential construction ‘ of the phenomenon, was besides recommended by Holloway and Wheeler ( 1996 ) , as it could be more easy recognizable by her because it has the possible to move as a precursor to arouse more information and remarks at this phase of the survey. Although cogency in qualitative research is multifaceted, it appears to be an advantage of using a method of analysis which incorporated proof by participants themselves. The concluding analysis of the phenomenon can be seen as the ‘product ‘ of a shared procedure between those whom have experience it and the research worker ( Halarie, 2006 ) .DiscussionThe survey revealed a sequence of findings, which could be summarised under the undermentioned seven classs: All seven classs emerged from the participant descriptions, irrespective of the length of the interview a ) Aspiration in life B ) Challenges of being a graduate student pupil degree Celsius ) Time direction vitamin D ) Positive and negative feelinge ) Library usage degree Fahrenheit ) Internet usage g ) Lecturers attitudes. Each class will be explored and deductions for development discussed. Aspiration in life: The pupil emphasised that the graduate student programme was an chance for her to rich greater tallness. â€Å" My end in life is to draw a bead on to make the extremum in my educational calling † Challenges of being a postgraduate pupil: Being admitted for the graduate student programme was the first challenge the pupil faced, followed by funding the programme, cost of adjustment in school, run intoing the class work deadline for entry, and plagiarism menace. â€Å" The adjustment I got was rather expensive in school † . â€Å" Geting admitted gave me a challenge † â€Å" I mean the support of the P.G surveies was non excessively easy † . â€Å" I was so witting of the mentions quoted but am still afraid that I did non plagiarize † . â€Å" haste through the coursework assignment, so as to run into the deadline for entry † . Time direction: The pupil usage most of the clip in the school country for go toing talks, making class work, and personal reading while the free talk yearss is used for parttime occupation. â€Å" I realised that I need to make a batch of personal reading â€Å" â€Å" My faculty clip besides gave me a good chance to prosecute in a portion clip work in a shop † . Lecturers Attitudes: it was gathered from the pupil experience that the lectors were accessible and they help in work outing pupil academic problems. â€Å" The lectors have ever been really helpful and accessible and unfastened to suggestions and unfavorable judgment † . Library usage: School Library was reportedly used to accomplish a batch of work through class work administration and easy cyberspace entree, run offing the assignment and printing relevant papers. It was so a good resource. â€Å" I did non hold a resource to acquire a lap-top so I spend most of my clip in the school library ( LRC ) † . Internet usage: At interview, the pupil reported equal usage of the Internet at school, for email communicating, online resource from the lectors, and for a assortment of reasons. â€Å" Most of our classs had online resource which could merely be assessed through the Webct from the library portal † . Positive and negative feeling: There was the fiscal influence on the household, but a batch of accomplishments were acquired. The probe confirms the utility of using a phenomenological method to the human side of research and to lend to the alleged â€Å" studies-of-studies † literature, and to the turning shared experiential civilization in research. It could assist decrease the clasp of the positive paradigm in the survey and to happen a cardinal topographic point for the human side of research, alternatively of concealment or disregarding this of import aspect of research. Finally, this survey was exploratory in nature and the consequences may be limited to the respondent who participated in the probe, merely. Therefore, merely general suggestions for future research can be offered. One possibility is to research the experiences of pupil who have non received didactic direction on school life, but who have to put to death graduate student survey. Another possibility is to depict the experiences of pupils who failed to finish their surveies successfully.DecisionPostgraduate Student experience could be summarized into a deliberate and necessary attempt to derive credence into an organized and defined educational scene. The findings illustrate the ‘lived experience ‘ of a postgraduate pupil about her surveies, the cognition respondents have about her school, and some consideration about duty for cognition and why perusal may be hard. An overruling subject throughout the work is related to dedication to class work and support. Key concerns incl uded ; The support of a postgraduate class. Entree to resources and Proper clip direction.

Psychological and Ethical Egoism Essay

Egoism is the teleological theory within the proximities of ethics which is allied to setting greatest good, pleasure and benefit for a single person. It comes as a contrast of altruism whose strictness is not self-centered. However altruism incorporates the interest of others in deriving absolute pleasure for a group of people or the contemporary society. Egoism can of necessity be viewed under different contexts with prevalence to the implication of drive into pleasure. Psychological egoism: This is the term that is taken to apply the aspect of human motivations as centered in self-interest. According to this view, any action despite its scores of altruism is governed by the motivations of personal desire that come from the psychological overview of the specific agent. This could incorporate aspects of desire by the agent such as avoiding the notion of been guilty, creating motives of desire for rewards or developing motives towards personal happiness. However, psychological egoism is developed as a synchronization effect of claiming the thresholds that define the scores of human nature. Since this claim in support of human nature is of necessity universal, it follows that the persuasion towards acting to a certain episode is driven by motives of personal desires and motivations (David, Jennifer, 2003, p. 58). Generally, psychological egoism underscores the phenomenological ascertainment of actions as founded on models of pure altruism. However, every action accrues some specific benefits to the fundamentals of an individual person. For example, helping a friend would yield personal happiness in the long run. The theory argues that the help that people give to the others is still motivated by personal interest and not purely aimed at creating happiness and satisfaction to the others. The principles of this theory are based on non-normative theoretical background that explains on the subjective phenomena of how things should primarily be. The basic provisions of psychological egoism is that the ultimate motive that ignites an individual towards making his/her voluntary actions is the in held desire of attaining personal pleasure as well as avoiding any possible effects and possibilities of pain (David, Jennifer, 2003, p. 3). In its proponents, psychological egoism argues that all altruistic actins are by themselves centered on parameters and motives of self interest and selfishness. These acts are only instrumental in having the aspects of motives towards self interest. The ultimate goal of egoism is therefore to achieve good feelings on personal pleasure which could consequently help in reducing and avoiding any probable scores of pain. Ethical egoism: It is the doctrine with its foundations based on the motives of selfishness as an acute score in the plain of human virtues. The theory has its propositions on the aspect that a person’s actions should ideally be modeled by personal interest. The foundations of ethical egoism are restoring the normative valuation of social phenomenon. Comparatively therefore, the truth value of ethical egoism outscores that of psychological egoism in that if it holds true, then psychological egoism would subjectively be untrue. It is a deviation from the principles inclined in altruism which propose on the ideals of the good for the contemporary society or group of people. According to the theory, when the societal resources are focused more precisely towards satisfying the interest of a person, greater efficiency and functionality of the existing social structures would therefore be felt. Consequently, the end results of this process are greater happiness in the contemporary society in the long run after each individual acts to create proximities of personal interests and happiness (David, Jennifer, 2003, p. 71). The principle code of ethical egoism is providing the rationale for a persons action in his/he own interest. This is however acceptable despite any controversial prospects in leading to conflicts between the parameters of interest and values of the others within the society. The basic difference that exists between ethical egoism and psychological egoism is that ethical egoism argues that an individual should presumably act in accordance to one’s self-interest. However, psychological egoism has its value that individuals can primarily act within the scores of their motives held in self-interests. Primarily therefore, ethical egoism governs persons in acting according to the requirements of their personal interests. Accordingly, its advancement conflicts with the basics and principles of ethical altruism when the latter presupposes the role of an individual in helping and serving the other people within the societal context (David, Jennifer, 2003, p. 71) . Conceptually however, ethical egoism is not founded on the disregard of the basic well being of the other people by the specific moral agent. Either, it does not disregard the rejection of the agent in refraining from the causal behavior that creates moral deliberation for the others. The basic creations and models of ethical egoism have been formulated on the basics of three scopes of understandings which are the universal, personal and individual. An individual egoist would proclaim that individuals should basically do that which creates benefits to them. A personal egoist would argue that their actions should be based on motives of their self-interest. Additionally, universal egoist would claim that all the people should act according to the principles that are by there on creating the aspect of own interest (David, Jennifer, 2003, p. 76).